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Calcitonin gene-related peptide and Langerhans cell function
1Department of Dermatology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Summary
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from epidermal nerves inhibits Langerhans cell (LC) function, reducing antigen presentation and contact hypersensitivity. This suggests nerves regulate immune responses in the skin.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
- Dermatology
Background:
- Langerhans cells (LC) interact with epidermal nerves containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
- The functional relationship between LC and CGRP is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether CGRP modulates Langerhans cell function.
- To explore the role of CGRP in immune responses within the epidermis.
Main Methods:
- In vitro studies exposing LC to CGRP to assess antigen presentation.
- Murine models examining delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses.
- Analysis of intracellular cAMP levels and B7-2 expression in LC and macrophages.
Main Results:
- CGRP inhibited alloantigen and specific protein presentation by LC.
- CGRP reduced DTH and CHS responses in vivo.
- CGRP increased intracellular cAMP in LC, indicating functional CGRP receptors.
- CGRP suppressed B7-2 expression on LC and macrophages.
Conclusions:
- CGRP negatively regulates LC antigen-presenting capacity.
- Epidermal nerves may control immune surveillance and response through CGRP signaling.
- These findings suggest a neuro-immune interaction in the skin's defense mechanisms.