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Pleural tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection
Summary
A high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was found in pleural tuberculosis (TB) patients. Early HIV screening is recommended for all pleural TB cases to detect co-infection.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pleural tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can alter the presentation of TB.
- Understanding the interplay between HIV and pleural TB is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in patients with pleural TB.
- To compare the clinical and radiological manifestations of pleural TB in HIV-negative versus HIV-infected individuals.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted at a general hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Forty-three patients with pleural TB underwent HIV testing (ELISA), chest X-ray, and thoracentesis.
- Pleural tissue analysis, PPD testing, and sputum cultures were performed as indicated.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of HIV infection among pleural TB patients was 30%.
- Clinical symptoms of TB were similar between HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups.
- Atypical radiological findings were more common in HIV-infected patients with concurrent pulmonary TB (P=0.03).
Conclusions:
- Atypical radiographic patterns in patients with concurrent pulmonary TB may suggest HIV co-infection.
- A high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis of HIV/TB co-infection.
- Screening all pleural TB patients for HIV antibodies is recommended.