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Delirium in dementia

B Robertsson1, K Blennow, C G Gottfries

  • 1Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden. barbro.robertsson@ms.se

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
|March 7, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Delirium occurs more frequently in elderly patients with vascular dementia (VAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LAD) compared to early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This suggests widespread brain damage may increase delirium risk.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Delirium is a prevalent mental disorder in the elderly.
  • Dementia is a significant risk factor for developing delirium.
  • Understanding delirium's occurrence across different dementia types is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of delirium episodes in patients with common dementia diagnoses.
  • To assess the influence of age, gender, severity, and duration of dementia on delirium development.

Main Methods:

  • A study included 175 consecutive patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia (VAD), or frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
  • Patients were admitted to a neuropsychiatric diagnostic unit.
  • Delirium occurrence was compared across diagnostic groups, considering demographic and dementia-related factors.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in sex distribution or dementia duration were found between delirious and non-delirious patients.
  • Delirium rates were higher in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LAD) and VAD compared to early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
  • Age did not explain the observed differences in delirium occurrence between dementia groups.

Conclusions:

  • Delirium appears more common in dementia types associated with widespread brain damage, such as LAD and VAD.
  • Dementia types primarily affecting cortical regions, like EAD and FTD, showed comparatively lower delirium rates.
  • The specific type of dementia, rather than age, may influence delirium incidence.