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Optic neuropathy due to brain abscess

G J Smallberg, S H Sherman, G H Pezeshkpour

    American Journal of Ophthalmology
    |August 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A young man experienced blindness due to a central nervous system disease. Autopsy revealed brain abscesses, including inflammation at the optic chiasm, explaining the vision loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can manifest with diverse neurological and visual deficits.
    • Optic nerve involvement is a critical indicator of CNS pathology, impacting vision.
    • Disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the brain and spinal cord.

    Observation:

    • A 26-year-old male presented with sudden blindness.
    • Bilateral optic nerve head pallor was noted four weeks post-onset, without preceding papilledema.
    • Clinical diagnosis suggested severe disseminated encephalomyelitis based on optic atrophy without papilledema.

    Findings:

    • Autopsy revealed multiple brain abscesses.
    • Inflammation was identified within the optic chiasm, a crucial structure for vision.

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  • The pathological findings correlated with the clinical presentation of blindness.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering CNS infections, such as abscesses, in the differential diagnosis of unexplained optic atrophy.
    • Optic chiasm inflammation can lead to profound vision loss and is a key autopsy finding in certain neurological diseases.
    • Understanding the link between CNS disease, optic nerve damage, and brain abscesses is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.