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Related Experiment Videos

Nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers

N L Rojas1, J D Killen, K F Haydel

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif, USA.

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|March 10, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent smokers experience significant nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms when quitting. Nicotine dependence and depression scores predict these symptoms, informing targeted cessation programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nicotine dependence is a significant public health issue among adolescents.
  • Understanding factors contributing to nicotine withdrawal is crucial for effective smoking cessation interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess nicotine dependence in adolescents.
  • To determine the association between quitting smoking and nicotine withdrawal symptoms/craving.
  • To identify factors associated with these symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey of 2197 10th-grade students.
  • Utilized Modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ) for nicotine dependence.
  • Assessed withdrawal symptoms using DSM-IV criteria and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

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  • Measured saliva cotinine levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Among adolescent smokers attempting to quit, high frequencies of withdrawal symptoms were reported, including strong cravings (45.4%).
    • Total withdrawal symptoms correlated with mFTQ scores (r = 0.51, P < .001).
    • mFTQ and CES-D scores explained 35% of the variance in withdrawal symptoms (R2 = 0.35, P < .001).
    • Males reported higher smoking frequency and mFTQ scores; females reported higher CES-D scores.

    Conclusions:

    • Adolescent smokers exhibit considerable nicotine dependence.
    • mFTQ scores, withdrawal symptoms (including craving), CES-D scores, and cotinine levels can aid in designing cessation programs.
    • Interventions should consider both nicotine dependence and depressive symptoms.