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The superior laryngeal nerve

C Droulias, S Tzinas, N Harlaftis

    The American Surgeon
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroidectomy rarely injures the internal laryngeal nerve. Injury to the external laryngeal nerve can cause voice changes and is preventable by considering anatomical variations during surgery.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Endocrinology
    • Surgical Anatomy

    Background:

    • Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure.
    • The superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is crucial for laryngeal function.
    • Potential nerve injury during thyroidectomy can lead to significant morbidity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the clinical implications of superior laryngeal nerve injury during thyroidectomy.
    • To differentiate the effects of internal versus external SLN branch damage.
    • To provide surgical guidance for preventing external SLN branch injury.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of anatomical studies and clinical case reports.
    • Analysis of laryngeal sensory and motor functions post-thyroidectomy.
    • Correlation of surgical techniques with nerve injury outcomes.

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    Main Results:

    • Internal SLN branch injury is rare and presents with laryngeal sensory loss, choking, and aspiration.
    • External SLN branch injury leads to voice changes (dysphonia) or voicelessness, without respiratory compromise.
    • Careful ligation of upper pole vessels, considering anatomical variations, can prevent external SLN injury.

    Conclusions:

    • Internal SLN injury is an unlikely complication of thyroidectomy.
    • External SLN injury is a more common cause of voice dysfunction after thyroidectomy.
    • Awareness of SLN anatomy and variations is essential for preserving voice quality during thyroidectomy.