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Related Experiment Videos

Keratoconus

Y S Rabinowitz1

  • 1Cornea-Genetic Eye Medical Clinic, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los-Angeles, California, USA. rabinowitzy@csmc.edu

Survey of Ophthalmology
|March 11, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Keratoconus, a corneal ectasia, is best detected early using videokeratography. Its exact cause is unknown, but genetic factors and enzymes likely play a role in corneal thinning.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Corneal Diseases

Background:

  • Keratoconus is a bilateral, noninflammatory corneal ectasia affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 people.
  • Early detection of keratoconus is crucial and best achieved through anterior corneal topography, specifically videokeratography.
  • Classic histopathologic signs include stromal thinning, epithelial basement membrane iron deposition, and breaks in Bowman's layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of keratoconus, focusing on detection, pathogenesis, and genetic factors.
  • To highlight the role of videokeratography in early diagnosis and genetic studies.
  • To explore potential molecular mechanisms and genetic targets for understanding keratoconus etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs and histopathologic features of keratoconus.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic tools, emphasizing videokeratography for early detection.
  • Analysis of current research on the etiology, including genetic associations and laboratory findings on enzymes and inflammatory mediators.

    • Main Results:

    • Videokeratography significantly improves the detection of early keratoconus.
    • Strong evidence suggests a major genetic component in keratoconus etiology.
    • Laboratory studies implicate degradative enzymes, proteinase inhibitors, and the interleukin-1 system in pathogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • The etiology of keratoconus remains unclear, but genetic factors are strongly indicated.
    • Videokeratography is essential for early detection and defining keratoconus genetics.
    • Further research into candidate genes, collagen, enzymes, and inflammatory pathways is needed to understand corneal thinning mechanisms.