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Neutralization antigenic sites on type Asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease virus defined by monoclonal antibody-resistant

G Butchaiah1, D O Morgan

  • 1Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.

Virus Research
|March 12, 1998
PubMed

Insights

Researchers identified three to four key antigenic sites on foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Asia-1 using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs). Site 3, recognized by nMAbs, is conserved across FMDV Asia-1 isolates, crucial for vaccine development.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a significant threat to livestock globally.
  • Understanding FMDV antigenic sites is crucial for developing effective vaccines and control strategies.
  • Serotype Asia-1 FMDV requires specific neutralization approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize neutralization antigenic sites on FMDV Asia-1.
  • To investigate the conformational dependence of these antigenic sites.
  • To assess the conservation of antigenic sites within the FMDV Asia-1 serotype.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of neutralization-resistant FMDV Asia-1 variants using seven neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs).
  • Testing variant reactivity with nMAbs using microneutralization test (MNT), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID).
  • Analysis of nMAbs binding and neutralization patterns to define antigenic sites and epitopes.

Main Results:

  • Seven single and six multiple antibody-resistant variants were successfully selected.
  • nMAbs were categorized into groups, indicating three independent antigenic sites and possibly a fourth on the FMDV Asia-1 surface.
  • Site 1 was conformation-independent (on 140S, 12Sps, VP1), Sites 2 and 3 were conformation-dependent (on 140S), and Site 4 was less conformation-dependent (on 140S, 12S).
  • Site 3 nMAbs neutralized all ten tested Asia-1 virus isolates, demonstrating its conserved nature.
  • Cross-neutralization and cross-inhibition assays revealed at least six distinct epitopes recognized by the nMAbs on FMDV Asia-1.

Conclusions:

  • FMDV Asia-1 possesses at least three, possibly four, distinct neutralization antigenic sites.
  • Site 3 is a conserved antigenic site across FMDV Asia-1 serotype, making it a promising target for vaccine development.
  • The study elucidates the antigenic structure of FMDV Asia-1, aiding in the design of improved vaccines and diagnostic tools.

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