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The mast cell: origin, morphology, distribution, and function
1Department of Anatomical Pathology, South Western Area Pathology Service, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
Summary
Mast cells, discovered over 100 years ago, are immune cells originating from bone marrow. These versatile cells release various bioactive substances, playing roles in diverse physiological and pathological conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Histology
Background:
- Mast cells are widely distributed in connective tissues and recognized by metachromatic granules.
- Their origin has been debated, with current evidence pointing to hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow.
- Mast cells are functionally heterogeneous and adaptable, influenced by cytokines like IL-3.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of mast cell origin, characteristics, and functions.
- To highlight the diverse roles of mast cells in various physiological and pathological conditions.
- To emphasize the ongoing research into mast cell biology.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and recent scientific literature.
- Analysis of cellular characteristics, including staining properties.
- Investigation of mast cell origin and differentiation pathways.
- Examination of mast cell mediators and their release mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Mast cells originate from bone marrow progenitors, differentiating under cytokine influence (e.g., IL-3).
- They contain and release numerous bioactive substances like heparin, serotonin, tryptase, and chymase.
- Mast cells exhibit functional heterogeneity and site-specific adaptations.
Conclusions:
- Mast cells are crucial immune cells with diverse functions, originating from hematopoietic precursors.
- Their involvement spans immunological, neoplastic, and inflammatory conditions.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex biology and functions of mast cells.