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Related Experiment Videos

Task-dependent changes of intracortical inhibition

J Liepert1, J Classen, L G Cohen

  • 1Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA. liepert@neuro.uni-jena.de

Experimental Brain Research
|March 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Motor learning alters brain circuits. Fine motor control tasks change intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF) differently in trained versus relaxed muscles, suggesting independent control of these processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Neuroplasticity

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reveals intracortical inhibition (ICI) at short intervals (1-6 ms) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) at longer intervals (10-15 ms).
  • Motor tasks requiring fine motor control of hand muscles, such as the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and fourth dorsal interosseous (4DIO), may induce neuroplastic changes in these inhibitory and facilitatory circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how motor learning and task specificity influence ICI and ICF in hand muscles.
  • To determine if different motor control requirements (general vs. selective) lead to distinct changes in cortical excitability.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy subjects performed two types of thumb movement tasks: repetitive free movements (Experiment 1) and selective movements requiring APB activation with 4DIO relaxation (Experiment 2).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) using single and paired-pulse TMS were measured in APB and 4DIO.
  • F-wave amplitudes were assessed to evaluate alpha motoneuron pool excitability.

    • Main Results:

    • Repetitive thumb movements showed a trend towards increased MEP amplitudes in both APB and 4DIO.
    • Selective thumb movements increased MEPs in APB but decreased MEPs in the actively relaxed 4DIO, particularly at short interstimulus intervals (1-3 ms).
    • F-wave amplitudes remained unchanged, indicating supraspinal changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Plastic changes in ICI and ICF are dependent on the selective demands of the motor program.
    • Focal motor tasks may decrease ICI in the trained muscle and increase ICI in an actively relaxed antagonist muscle.
    • ICI and ICF appear to be independently regulated within the motor cortex.