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Organic solvents and cancer

E Lynge1, A Anttila, K Hemminki

  • 1Danish Cancer Society, København.

Cancer Causes & Control : CCC
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This review examines organic solvent exposure and cancer risks. Benzene is linked to leukemia, while trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride show associations with various cancers, including lymphomas and liver cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Millions were exposed to organic solvents in the 1980s, raising concerns about potential health impacts.
  • Previous studies have suggested links between specific solvent exposures and increased cancer risks.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for public health and occupational safety regulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between occupational organic solvent exposure and cancer.
  • To identify specific solvents associated with increased risks of particular cancer types.
  • To evaluate the strength of evidence for causal associations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiologic studies on organic solvent exposure and cancer.
  • Analysis of data from the United States, Canada, and Finland regarding solvent exposure prevalence.
  • Examination of cancer risk associations for specific solvents including trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene.

Main Results:

  • Established causal link between benzene exposure and increased leukemia risk.
  • Evidence suggests increased risks for liver, biliary tract, esophagus, cervix, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene exposure.
  • Associations noted between carbon tetrachloride and lymphohematopoietic malignancies, and potential links for other solvents with various cancers, though some findings require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational exposure to certain organic solvents is associated with elevated risks of specific cancers.
  • Benzene's link to leukemia is well-established; other solvents like trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene show associations with various malignancies.
  • Further research is needed to clarify risks for some solvents and mixed exposures, emphasizing the importance of workplace safety.

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