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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
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Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
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PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes

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Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

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Vocal cord dysfunction associated with exercise in adolescent girls

S Kayani1, D C Shannon

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.

Chest
|March 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is rare in adolescents, often misdiagnosed as exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Speech therapy effectively treated VCD in two adolescent patients, resolving symptoms and improving diagnosis for similar cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is an uncommon condition in adolescent populations.
  • VCD can be misdiagnosed, with exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) being a frequent initial diagnosis.
  • Adolescent respiratory symptoms require careful differential diagnosis to identify underlying causes.

Observation:

  • Two adolescent patients presented with symptoms initially attributed to EIB.
  • Clinical evaluation revealed inspiratory stridor and characteristic flow-volume loop abnormalities.
  • Flexible fiberoptic rhinolaryngoscopy confirmed vocal cord adduction during inspiration, indicative of VCD.

Findings:

  • The study identified VCD in adolescents misdiagnosed with EIB.
  • Diagnostic criteria included inspiratory stridor and flattened inspiratory flow-volume loops.
  • Fiberoptic examination confirmed vocal cord dysfunction during the inspiratory phase.

Implications:

  • VCD should be considered in adolescent patients with refractory or atypical respiratory symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis and targeted speech therapy can effectively manage VCD in adolescents.
  • This highlights the importance of considering upper airway obstruction in the differential diagnosis of exercise-induced respiratory distress.