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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Rapid Determination of the Thermal Nociceptive Threshold in Diabetic Rats
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[Diabetic macroangiopathy in humans]

A Simon1

  • 1Centre de Médecine Préventive Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France.

Therapie
|March 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Detecting early atherosclerosis in diabetes is crucial for preventing cardiovascular events. Non-invasive markers like arterial wall thickening, calcification, and stiffening aid in risk prediction and treatment evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus significantly accelerates atherosclerosis, increasing cardiovascular event risk.
  • Early detection of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients is vital for improved vascular risk prediction and prevention strategies.
  • Non-invasive markers for atherosclerosis assessment are crucial for managing diabetic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-invasive markers for detecting early atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.
  • To discuss the association between diabetes and arterial wall thickening, coronary calcification, and arterial stiffening.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of early atherosclerosis detection in diabetic patients for risk stratification and treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

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  • Intima-media thickness measured by B-mode ultrasonography.
  • Coronary calcification detected via radiography (fluoroscopy or ultrafast CT).
  • Arterial wall stiffening assessed using pulse wave velocity or echotracking devices.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased intima-media thickness is associated with both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
    • Diabetes is independently associated with the presence and amount of coronary calcium deposits.
    • Arterial wall stiffening is consistently associated with diabetes in various study designs.

    Conclusions:

    • Non-invasive markers (intima-media thickness, coronary calcification, arterial stiffening) aid in early atherosclerosis detection in diabetes.
    • Understanding these markers can improve vascular risk prediction and guide treatment decisions in diabetic patients.
    • Further research into mechanisms, like the role of mineralization proteins and glycoregulation, is warranted.