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Related Concept Videos

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
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Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

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The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
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Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

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Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Microvilli00:55

Microvilli

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Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses
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Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

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Human intestinal M cells exhibit enterocyte-like intermediate filaments

T Kucharzik1, N Lügering, K W Schmid

  • 1Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Germany.

Gut
|March 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Human intestinal M cells share intermediate filament cytoskeleton composition with enterocytes, unlike findings in animal models. This suggests M cells originate from differentiated enterocytes, contributing to our understanding of gut immunity.

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Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The origin and M cell cytoskeleton composition remain unclear.
  • Animal models show species-specific differences in M cell intermediate filaments.
  • Human M cell intermediate filament composition is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare human M cell and enterocyte cytoskeleton components.
  • Investigate intermediate filament expression in human M cells.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and immunogold electron microscopy used.
  • Examined cytokeratins, vimentin, and desmin expression.
  • Focused on follicle-associated epithelium in the human appendix.

Main Results:

  • Human M cells and enterocytes express common cytokeratins (8, 18, 19, 20) similarly.
  • No detectable vimentin or desmin in either cell type.
  • No significant differences in cytokeratin intensity or distribution observed.

Conclusions:

  • First study on human intestinal M cell intermediate filaments.
  • Human M cells resemble enterocytes in cytoskeleton, differing from animal models.
  • Findings support an epithelial origin for M cells, possibly from differentiated enterocytes.