Cerebral lateralisation and rate of maturation

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Biology
• Cognitive Science

Background:

• Brain development exhibits a continuum of maturational rates, with extremes impacting adaptability.
• Early maturation is associated with higher neuronal density and synaptic connectivity, promoting plasticity.
• Late, slower maturation correlates with reduced neuronal components and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between Planum Temporale (PT) asymmetry, hand preference, and cognitive profiles (WAIS) as predictors of central nervous system (CNS) maturation rates.
• To explore the hypothesis that male predominance in developmental dyslexia and schizophrenia is linked to slower maturation rates.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing Planum Temporale (PT) asymmetry, hand preference, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) cognitive profiles to infer CNS maturation rates.
• Analyzing PT/MRI findings in individuals with developmental dyslexia and schizophrenia to identify patterns of delayed development and regressive events.

Main Results:

• Leftward PT asymmetry, right-handedness, and left-hemisphere cognitive advantage indicate early, fast maturation.
• Rightward PT asymmetry, left-handedness, and right-hemisphere cognitive advantage signify late, slow maturation.
• PT symmetry and ambilaterality suggest intermediate maturation rates. Male predominance in developmental dyslexia and schizophrenia aligns with late maturation patterns.

Conclusions:

• PT asymmetry, hand preference, and cognitive profiles serve as indicators of CNS maturation rates.
• Late maturation is associated with increased risk for developmental dyslexia and schizophrenia, particularly in males.
• Enhancing maturational rates through optimal nutrition may reduce the risk of these neurological disorders.