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Red cell membrane skeletal changes in marathon runners

J Jordan1, W Kiernan, H J Merker

  • 1Department of Sports Medicine, Free University, Berlin, Germany.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|March 20, 1998
PubMed
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Endurance exercise, like marathon running, causes structural changes in red blood cell (RBC) skeletons. These alterations may increase RBC fragility and contribute to exercise-induced hemolysis.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Cell biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Hemolysis, or red blood cell destruction, is common in endurance exercise.
  • Structural changes in red blood cell (RBC) membrane skeletal proteins are a potential cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural changes in RBC membrane skeletons after marathon running.
  • To determine if these changes correlate with hemolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 13 male marathon runners before and after a race.
  • Analyzed RBC membrane skeletons using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Measured plasma haptoglobin levels as an indicator of hemolysis.

Main Results:

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  • SEM revealed disrupted RBC membrane skeletons and loss of membrane material post-race.
  • RBC membrane skeletal areas increased by 30% after the marathon (p<0.01).
  • Plasma haptoglobin decreased by 57% (p<0.001), indicating significant hemolysis.

Conclusions:

  • Marathon running induces structural changes in RBC membrane skeletons, identifiable by SEM.
  • These structural alterations may increase RBC susceptibility to stress, contributing to exercise-induced hemolysis.
  • TEM did not reveal these structural changes, highlighting SEM's utility.