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Anaerobic bacteria in orofacial abscesses

S J Botha1, R Senekal, P L Steyn

  • 1Centre for Stomatological Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria.

The Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa = Die Tydskrif Van Die Tandheelkundige Vereniging Van Suid-Afrika
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated orofacial abscesses, revealing a polymicrobial bacterial presence. Antibiotic sensitivity was unpredictable, with ampicillin and tetracycline showing the most effectiveness against these anaerobic infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oral Surgery

Background:

  • Orofacial abscesses are complex infections.
  • Understanding the microbial etiology is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Obligate anaerobic bacteria are frequently implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the bacterial species involved in orofacial abscesses.
  • To assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria.
  • To determine the most effective antibiotics for treating these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing of obligate anaerobic bacteria from 15 orofacial abscess samples.
  • Identification and quantification of bacterial isolates.
  • Antibiotic sensitivity testing using standard antimicrobial agents.

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Main Results:

  • Bacteroides species (43%) were the most prevalent, followed by Clostridium (21%), Fusobacterium (14%), Peptostreptococci (11%), Peptococci (7%), and Veillonella (4%).
  • The polymicrobial nature of orofacial infections was confirmed.
  • Variable antibiotic resistance was observed; Clostridium difficile, Clostridium tetani, Peptostreptococcus productus, and Veillonella parvula exhibited resistance to common antibiotics.
  • Ampicillin and tetracycline demonstrated the highest efficacy, while erythromycin showed the highest resistance rates.

Conclusions:

  • Orofacial infections are polymicrobial, involving a diverse range of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Antibiotic resistance patterns are unpredictable, necessitating careful selection of treatments.
  • Ampicillin and tetracycline are recommended as effective therapeutic options, while erythromycin should be used with caution.