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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

Chronic pain

C M Russo1, W G Brose

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA. cmrusso@leland.stanford.edu

Annual Review of Medicine
|March 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic pain, lasting over six months, involves complex neurophysiology. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach addressing both the pain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Chronic pain is defined as pain persisting for longer than six months, involving complex emotional and physiological components.
  • Understanding the neurophysiology of pain, including nociception and ascending/descending pathways, is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of chronic pain.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing chronic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurophysiological pathways involved in pain transmission (nociceptors, spinal cord, brain pathways).
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for chronic pain, focusing on multidisciplinary care models.

Main Results:

  • Pain information is processed through peripheral nociceptors and central nervous system pathways.
  • Pain modification can occur in both ascending and descending neural pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Successful chronic pain management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, integrating medical, psychological, and rehabilitative strategies.
  • Specialized pain treatment centers, particularly university-based multidisciplinary ones, offer comprehensive assessment and management.
  • Multidisciplinary pain management is vital in palliative and hospice care for conditions like cancer pain.