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Deviations in craniofacial morphology in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate evaluated by
1Chair of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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This study on unilateral cleft lip and palate patients found smaller craniofacial dimensions and altered jaw relations. Jarabak
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial Morphology
- Cleft Lip and Palate Research
- Orthodontics
Background:
- Complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) significantly impacts craniofacial development.
- Understanding morphological deviations is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess craniofacial morphology in boys with UCLP using Jarabak's analysis.
- To identify specific deviations in linear dimensions, jaw relations, and soft tissue profile.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of cephalometric X-ray films from 29 five-year-old boys and 34 adult males with UCLP.
- Application of Jarabak's analysis to assess craniofacial skeletal and dental relationships.
Main Results:
- Reduced linear dimensions in cranial base, maxillary, and mandibular bodies in UCLP patients.
- Posterior mandibular rotation, increased gonial angle, retrusive jaws, and retroinclined incisors observed.
- Anterior crossbite in children and tendency for open bite in adults; retrusive upper lip and protrusive lower lip noted.
Conclusions:
- Jarabak's analysis reveals significant craniofacial alterations in UCLP patients.
- The method's insufficiency for accurate soft profile analysis in cleft patients is highlighted.
Abstract:
The study is based on evaluation of X-ray films of the head of 29 boys aged 5 years and 34 males aged about 20 years with complete unilateral cleft of the lip and palate. Deviations in the craniofacial morphology were assessed using the Jarabak's analysis. Most linear dimensions were smaller in both children and adult patients. The exception was the posterior part of the cranial base the length of which was the same as in controls. The anterior part of the cranial base and the mandibular body were significantly shortened only in 5-year-old individuals while the maxillary body was shortened only in adult patients. The anterior facial height was elongated in adult patients. The mandible showed a posterior rotation, the gonial angle was increased in its lower part. The maxilla and mandible were retrusive with impaired vertical--and in adults also sagittal--jaw relations. Both upper and lower incisors showed retroinclination. In 5-year-old patients an anterior crossbite developed, a trend to open bite was evident in adult patients. The upper lip was retrusive while the lower lip was protrusive. Jarabak's method is not sufficient for an accurate analysis of the soft profile in patients with clefts.