Advanced actinomycosis involving urogenital organs simulating malignancy: a case report

Area of Science:

• Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Urology

Background:

• Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection often associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs).
• Pelvic actinomycosis typically presents insidiously, with chronic progression and potential invasion of adjacent pelvic structures.
• The non-specific clinical presentation, including solid invasive masses and minimal leukocytosis, can mimic pelvic malignancy.

Observation:

• This report details an unprecedented case of advanced pelvic actinomycosis.
• The infection extensively involved multiple urogenital organs, presenting a unique clinical scenario.
• The patient's presentation was complicated by the disease's characteristic stealthy and invasive nature.

Findings:

• Pelvic actinomycosis can exhibit advanced urogenital manifestations, a presentation not previously documented.
• The disease's ability to mimic malignancy, particularly in advanced stages, complicates diagnostic pathways.
• The invasive behavior of actinomycosis poses significant challenges for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Implications:

• Increased awareness of pelvic actinomycosis is crucial for clinicians managing IUD users.
• Diagnostic strategies should consider actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses, especially when malignancy is suspected.
• Further research into the urogenital manifestations and advanced presentations of pelvic actinomycosis is warranted.