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Self-reported suicide attempts by adolescents

D J Safer1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
|March 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Adolescent suicide attempts are frequently reported, with anonymity doubling the prevalence compared to face-to-face surveys. Self-harm behaviors are reported distinctly from suicide attempts by youth.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adolescent suicide attempts represent a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the true prevalence of suicide attempts is crucial for effective intervention strategies.
  • Previous research has yielded varying prevalence rates, necessitating a comparative analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of adolescent suicide attempts reported in anonymous versus face-to-face surveys.
  • To examine geographical variations in suicide attempt prevalence rates (US/Canada vs. elsewhere).
  • To differentiate between suicide attempts and self-harm behaviors in anonymous surveys.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive medical literature review was conducted.
  • Data were synthesized from 29 anonymous self-report questionnaire studies and seven structured interview studies.

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  • Studies encompassed multiple countries to assess geographical differences.

    • Main Results:

    • Anonymous surveys indicated a median of 7-10% of adolescent students reporting suicide attempts, compared to 3-4% in structured interviews.
    • Non-anonymous studies showed high refusal rates, suggesting underreporting.
    • Self-report questionnaires did not find overlap between deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts; youth reported them as distinct behaviors.

    Conclusions:

    • Adolescent suicide attempts are more frequently reported under conditions of anonymity.
    • Anonymity is critical for accurate prevalence estimation of adolescent suicide attempts.
    • Deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts are perceived and reported as distinct behaviors by adolescents.