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African origin of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus
Y Tanaka1, M Mizokami, E Orito
1Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Japan.
Insights
Global GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) isolates were analyzed. A specific 12-amino acid indel in the NS5A region of Central African isolates suggests an early African origin for GBV-C/HGV.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Population Genetics
Background:
- GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) is a globally distributed RNA virus.
- Understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of GBV-C/HGV is crucial for tracing its origins and spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic characteristics of GBV-C/HGV isolates from diverse geographical regions.
- To determine the evolutionary origin of GBV-C/HGV using phylogenetic analysis.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 94 GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive serum samples from worldwide.
- Identification of insertions/deletions (indels) in the non-structural protein (NS) 5A region.
- Phylogenetic analysis of the NS5A region using GBV-A as an outgroup.
Main Results:
- A consistent 12-amino acid indel in the NS5A region was observed in all 15 GBV-C/HGV isolates from Pygmy and Bantu populations in Central Africa.
- Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these 15 Central African isolates diverged earlier from the common ancestor compared to other global isolates.
- The findings suggest a potential early origin of GBV-C/HGV within the African continent.
Conclusions:
- The presence of a unique indel in Central African isolates provides evidence for early diversification.
- Phylogenetic data strongly support an African origin for GBV-C/HGV.
- Further research into African populations may reveal more about the early evolution of this virus.
Abstract:
Ninety-four GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/ HGV) RNA-positive serum samples were obtained from all over the world. We found that all 15 GBV-C/HGV isolates from the Pygmies and the Bantu in the Central African region had a 12-amino acid indel (i.e. insertion or deletion) in the non-structural protein (NS) 5A region. Phylogenetic analyses of the NS5A region, using GBV-A as an outgroup, showed that these 15 isolates had diverged from the common ancestor much earlier than the remaining isolates, indicating an African origin of GBV-C/HGV.