[Intraoperative anaphylaxis caused by latex surgical gloves]

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Allergology
• Immunology

Background:

• Latex allergy is a growing concern, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions or occupational exposure.
• High-risk groups include patients with spina bifida, urogenital abnormalities, atopic dermatitis, healthcare workers, and rubber industry workers.
• Hypersensitivity to latex products can manifest during medical procedures.

Observation:

• A 17-year-old male with a history of atopic dermatitis and multiple surgeries presented with anaphylaxis during a procedure under general anesthesia.
• Symptoms included bronchospasm and circulatory collapse, occurring shortly after the induction of anesthesia and use of latex surgical gloves.
• The patient's condition improved with the administration of dopamine, aminophylline, and methylprednisolone.

Findings:

• The anaphylactic reaction was directly attributed to latex surgical gloves used during the emergency surgery.
• The patient's history of atopic dermatitis and multiple procedures likely increased his susceptibility to latex allergy.
• Successful management involved immediate pharmacological intervention to address airway and circulatory compromise.

Implications:

• Anesthesiologists must meticulously review patient histories for potential latex sensitivity, especially in those with risk factors.
• Strict avoidance of latex-containing products is crucial for patients with known or suspected latex allergy.
• Implementing latex-safe protocols in surgical settings is essential to prevent severe allergic reactions and ensure patient safety.