Dentin bonding: past and present
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Updated: Oct 30, 2026

Standardized Protocol to Evaluate the Effect of Surface Treatments, Luting Cements, and Thermocycling on PEEK–Composite Bond Strength
Published on: June 9, 2026
1Materials Evaluation Section, U.S. Air Force Dental Investigation Service, Brooks AFB, Texas, USA.
Abstract:
Dentin-bonding agents have changed dramatically since being introduced. The large number of these products, as well their dynamic nature and myriad clinical uses, make it difficult for clinicians to understand how they work and when to use them. Sequential development of dentin-bonding agents from the mid-1950s to the present is described. Information also is provided about current popular bonding products and new clinical applications.
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Tooth Anatomy
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.