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The circulating common gamma chain (CD132) in inflammatory bowel disease
O H Nielsen1, I Kirman, K Johnson
1Department of Gastroenterology F, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|March 28, 1998
Summary
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (CD132) levels are elevated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, correlating with disease activity. This finding suggests CD132 as a potential biomarker for CD, with some overlap in levels observed in ulcerative colitis (UC).
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), involves T cell activation.
- Soluble forms of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R), such as sIL-2Ralpha (CD25), are shed during T cell activation.
- While sIL-2Ralpha's correlation with IBD activity is known, IL-2Rgamma (CD132) has not been extensively studied in this context.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the levels of soluble IL-2Ralpha (CD25) and IL-2Rgamma (CD132) in patients with IBD.
- To determine the correlation between these soluble IL-2R levels and disease activity in CD and UC.
- To compare IL-2R levels between CD, UC, and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Sera were collected from 42 UC patients, 34 CD patients, 31 healthy volunteers, and 12 patients with infectious enterocolitis.
- Disease activity was assessed using semiquantitative scores for UC and CD.
- Soluble IL-2Ralpha (CD25) and IL-2Rgamma (CD132) concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISA techniques.
Main Results:
- IL-2Ralpha (CD25) levels were significantly higher in both UC (7.0 ng/ml) and CD (9.6 ng/ml) patients compared to healthy controls (3.8 ng/ml).
- IL-2Rgamma (CD132) levels were significantly elevated in CD patients (6.6 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (<1.0 ng/ml).
- IL-2Ralpha showed a significant correlation with disease activity in CD and UC. IL-2Rgamma levels were higher in active CD and differed between CD and UC in moderate to severe disease stages.
Conclusions:
- Elevated circulating levels of soluble IL-2Rgamma (CD132) are associated with Crohn's disease.
- A correlation exists between IL-2Rgamma levels and disease activity in CD.
- There is an overlap in IL-2R levels between CD and UC, suggesting potential shared immunological pathways.