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Uveitis and central nervous system vasculitis

J T Rosenbaum¹, S Roman-Goldstein, G R Lindquist

¹School of Medicine, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.

The Journal of Rheumatology

|March 28, 1998

Summary

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Primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis, typically causing neurological symptoms, can also present with uveitis. This finding expands the understanding of CNS vasculitis, suggesting it may manifest beyond the brain and spinal cord.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Ophthalmology
Immunology

Background:

Primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is a rare condition.
It typically presents with headache and focal neurological deficits.
By definition, primary CNS vasculitis involves inflammation solely within the CNS.

Observation:

This study describes three patients with primary CNS vasculitis who also developed uveitis.
Uveitis is inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye.
The presence of uveitis in these patients challenges the traditional definition of isolated CNS vasculitis.

Findings:

The findings suggest that primary CNS vasculitis may not always be confined to the CNS.
Ocular inflammation, specifically uveitis, can be a presenting or associated feature.

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Systemic symptoms like fatigue and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate may coexist with CNS and ocular inflammation.

Implications:

The association of uveitis with primary CNS vasculitis broadens the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with uveitis and neurological symptoms.
This expands the clinical spectrum of CNS vasculitis.
Clinicians should consider CNS vasculitis in the differential diagnosis of uveitis, even in the absence of overt neurological signs.