Tin-protein binding kinetics in normal and uremic plasma and its effect on dialysis fluxes

A high affinity of plasma protein for tin has been demonstrated by ultrafiltration studies. At physiologic concentrations, UF/P remained below 1%, consistent with more than 99% binding. Binding of tin was nearly complete despite a decrease in plasma protein concentration to 3.5 Gm% and an increase in plasma tin by 80 mg/L. This binding inhibits efflux of tin from plasma during dialysis while influx occurs readily. This may be a mechanism for accumulation of tin in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. A mechanism for tin chelation could be clinically beneficial in the syndrome of dialysis dementia.