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Automatic control of the artificial heart

W S Pierce, D Landis, W O'Bannon

    Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new automatic control system for artificial hearts, using linked negative feedback loops, successfully balanced ventricular output and adjusted flow rates in calves. This system reduces manual adjustments, paving the way for advanced artificial heart control.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Artificial Organs
    • Control Systems

    Background:

    • Artificial hearts require sophisticated control systems for effective function.
    • Previous systems often necessitated manual adjustments and implanted transducers for pressure monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate an automatic control system for artificial hearts.
    • To improve the balance and control of artificial heart output.
    • To reduce reliance on implanted transducers for pressure sensing.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a control system with two linked negative feedback loops.
    • Utilizing a Servo-Stroke Optimizer for the left ventricle and a Servo-Variable Systolic Duration unit for the right ventricle.
    • Evaluating the system in a mock circulatory loop and in calves with implanted artificial hearts, with a novel method for obtaining control pressures from the air line pressure wave.

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    Main Results:

    • The control system successfully balanced the two artificial ventricles.
    • Demonstrated automatic adjustment of flow rate in response to changes in peripheral resistance.
    • Significantly reduced the need for manual operator adjustments to power units.
    • Validated a transducer-free method for obtaining control pressures.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed automatic control system effectively manages artificial heart function.
    • The novel pressure sensing method obviates the need for implanted transducers.
    • Further research is needed to assess performance during exercise and delineate optimal operating modes.