Examination of the placenta

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Perinatal Medicine
• Pathology

Background:

• The placenta, umbilical cord, and membranes are vital for fetal development.
• Abnormalities in these structures can indicate potential fetal complications and perinatal morbidity.
• Standardized examination protocols are essential for consistent clinical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of a rapid, in-delivery-room placental examination.
• To outline key components for assessing the placenta, umbilical cord, and membranes.
• To emphasize the role of placental examination in identifying risks for abnormal fetal development and perinatal morbidity.

Main Methods:

• A concise, one-minute visual and tactile examination of the placenta, umbilical cord, and membranes.
• Assessment of placental size, shape, consistency, and completeness.
• Evaluation of the umbilical cord for length, insertion, vessel number, and abnormalities.
• Examination of fetal membranes for color, odor, and the presence of velamentous vessels.
• Documentation of findings in delivery records.

Main Results:

• The examination identifies common and uncommon findings associated with abnormal fetal development.
• Potential causes of retained placental tissue, such as abnormal lobation or placenta accreta spectrum, can be noted.
• Findings guide decisions for further pathologic evaluation of the placenta.

Conclusions:

• A rapid, standardized placental examination in the delivery room is clinically valuable.
• This assessment aids in the immediate care of mother and infant and identifies potential risks.
• Prompt documentation and pathological review when indicated are crucial for optimal perinatal outcomes.