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Are generalized and localization-related epilepsies genetically distinct?

R Ottman1, J H Lee, W A Hauser

  • 1G. H. Sergievsky Center and School of Public Health (Epidemiology Division), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Archives of Neurology
|March 31, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors influence both generalized and localization-related epilepsies. Some genes increase risk for both types, particularly in parents and siblings of individuals with generalized epilepsy.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neurology
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Genetic influences on epilepsy types (generalized vs. localization-related) are not fully understood.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding shared susceptibility genes versus distinct genetic factors for different epilepsy forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic heterogeneity in epilepsy.
  • To evaluate shared genetic susceptibility between generalized and localization-related epilepsies.

Main Methods:

  • Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs).
  • First-degree relatives of 1498 adult probands with idiopathic/cryptogenic epilepsy were studied.
  • Relatives of 362 probands with postnatal symptomatic epilepsy served as a reference group.

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Main Results:

  • In parents and siblings, risk for all epilepsy types was higher if the proband had generalized epilepsy (RR, 4.7) versus localization-related epilepsy (RR, 2.4).
  • Increased risk in parents/siblings was not limited to the proband's epilepsy type.
  • Offspring showed different patterns: higher risk for all epilepsy types if proband had localization-related epilepsy (RR, 4.2 vs 1.6) and higher risk for localization-related epilepsy (RR, 7.8 vs 1.8) if proband had localization-related epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Findings in parents/siblings suggest shared susceptibility genes for both epilepsy types, more prevalent in generalized epilepsy.
  • Distinct patterns in offspring may indicate different susceptibility influences in this subgroup.