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Sex differences in emotion: expression, experience, and physiology

A M Kring1, A H Gordon

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA. kringam@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 2, 1998
PubMed
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Women show greater emotional expressivity than men, but experience and physiological responses to emotion do not differ significantly by sex. Gender roles and family expressiveness influence emotional expression in both men and women.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gender Studies
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Previous research indicates women are more emotionally expressive than men.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding sex differences in other emotional response domains (experiential, physiological).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in expressive, experiential, and physiological emotional responses.
  • To explore the moderating roles of gender roles and family expressiveness on emotional responding.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies involving undergraduate participants viewing emotional films.
  • Assessment included self-report measures of emotion, expressivity, gender roles, and family expressiveness.
  • Physiological responses were measured using skin conductance.

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Main Results:

  • Women exhibited greater emotional expressivity than men.
  • No significant sex differences were found in experienced emotion.
  • Distinct patterns of skin conductance responding were observed between sexes.
  • Gender role characteristics and family expressiveness moderated the relationship between sex and expressivity.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional expressivity, but not experience or physiological response, differs between men and women.
  • Individual and familial factors significantly influence how emotions are expressed, moderating sex differences.