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Vitamin A and urolithiasis

F Grases1, R Garcia-Gonzalez, C Genestar

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|April 4, 1998
PubMed
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Vitamin A deficiency in rats led to urinary changes and kidney lesions, increasing urolithiasis risk. Human stone formers showed altered vitamin E/A ratios, suggesting a potential kidney vitamin A deficit contributes to stone development.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Urology
  • Renal physiology

Background:

  • Urolithiasis is a complex condition influenced by various dietary and physiological factors.
  • Vitamin A plays a crucial role in epithelial health and cellular differentiation.
  • The specific impact of vitamin A deficiency on urinary stone formation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on urolithiasis in a rat model.
  • To compare urinary and plasma vitamin levels in vitamin A-deficient rats versus controls.
  • To examine plasma vitamin A and E levels in human urolithiasis patients.

Main Methods:

  • Male rats were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet or a control diet.
  • Urinary composition, including glycosaminoglycans and zinc, was analyzed.

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  • Plasma vitamin A and E levels, as well as kidney vitamin A content, were measured.
  • Human patients with urolithiasis and healthy controls had their plasma vitamin levels assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Vitamin A deficiency altered rat urine composition, decreasing glycosaminoglycans and zinc.
    • Deficient rats exhibited severe kidney papillae epithelial lesions.
    • While plasma vitamin A showed no significant difference in humans, vitamin E and the vitamin E/A ratio increased in stone formers.
    • Kidney vitamin A content was significantly lower in vitamin A-deficient rats.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin A deficiency induces urinary changes and renal lesions that may promote urolithiasis.
    • Altered vitamin E/A ratios in human stone formers suggest a potential role for renal vitamin A deficiency.
    • Low renal vitamin A may impair the function of crystallization inhibitors like pyrophosphate and phytate, contributing to stone formation.