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Risk factors for developing peritonitis caused by micro-organisms of enteral origin in peritoneal dialysis patients
F Caravaca1, R Ruiz-Calero, C Dominguez
1Service of Nephrology, Regional Hospital University Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
Insights
Gastric acid inhibitors significantly increase the risk of enteric peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Careful consideration of these medications is crucial for preventing infections in this vulnerable population.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Peritonitis is a serious complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
- Enteric bacteria are a common cause of peritonitis, posing significant risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for enteric peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.
- To evaluate the role of gastric acid inhibitors as a potential risk factor.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective single-center study involving 55 patients in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis program.
- Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of enteric peritonitis.
- Variables included patient demographics, comorbidities, dialysis characteristics, and medication use.
Main Results:
- Fourteen percent of peritonitis episodes were caused by enteric microorganisms.
- Nine of ten patients with enteric peritonitis were taking gastric acid inhibitors.
- Gastric acid inhibitors were the only independent variable predicting enteric peritonitis (Odds Ratio = 18).
Conclusions:
- Gastric acid inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of developing enteric peritonitis.
- This finding highlights the need for cautious prescription of these agents in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Objective:
To investigate the risk factors associated with the development of peritonitis caused by enteral bacteria in peritoneal dialysis patients, including the prescription of gastric acid inhibitors as a potential risk factor.
Design:
Retrospective single-center study.
Setting:
Tertiary university hospital.
Patients And Main Outcome Measures:
Fifty-five patients who entered into our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program during the last 6 years were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish the best determinants over the development of at least one episode of enteric peritonitis. The predictive variables included in the model were: age, gender, diabetic versus nondiabetic, polycystic versus nonpolycystic kidney diseases, history of constipation, presence or absence of moderate/severe malnutrition, peritoneal transport characteristics, peritoneal protein losses, rate of exit-site infections, rate of total peritonitis, intestinal abnormalities, and treatment with inhibitors of gastric acid secretion.
Results:
The total number of peritonitis episodes during the studied period was 88, which clustered in 34 of 55 patients. Fourteen (16%) were caused by enteric micro-organisms in 10 patients: Escherichia coli (6), Klebsiella sp (2), Enterobacter sp (1), and Enterococcus sp (5). Nine of 10 patients who developed enteric peritonitis were on gastric acid inhibitors (3 patients on omeprazole and 6 patients on H2-antagonists), while 15 of 45 patients who did not develop enteric peritonitis were on gastric acid inhibitors (all of them on H2-blockers). There were temporal relationships between the start of gastric acid inhibitors and the development of enteric peritonitis in 6 of 9 patients who were on this medication. Four of 10 patients who developed enteric peritonitis had diverticulosis. Ten of 45 patients who did not develop enteric peritonitis had been diagnosed with diverticulosis of the colon or sigmoid prior to entry to CAPD. The unique patient who was not on gastric acid inhibitors and developed enteric peritonitis, had been diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis with achlorhydria. By multiple logistic regression analysis, the treatment with gastric acid inhibitors was the only independent variable that entered into the best predictive equation over the development of enteric peritonitis (log likelihood ratio = -26.077, odds ratio = 18; 95% CI odds ratio: 2 - 155).
Conclusion:
Gastric acid inhibitors may increase the risk for developing enteric peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.