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Interferon alpha for ocular Behçet's disease

P Pivetti-Pezzi1, M Accorinti, M P Pirraglia

  • 1Servizio Speciale di Immunovirologia Oculare, Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica
|April 4, 1998
PubMed
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Interferon alpha significantly reduced ocular relapses and steroid dependence in patients with Behçet

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Behçet's disease is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder.
  • Ocular involvement in Behçet's disease can lead to sight-threatening complications.
  • Steroid therapy is often insufficient for managing severe ocular Behçet's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of interferon alpha for ocular Behçet's disease.
  • To assess the impact of interferon alpha on ocular relapses and steroid dependency.

Main Methods:

  • Three patients with sight-threatening ocular Behçet's disease, unresponsive to steroids, received subcutaneous interferon alpha.
  • Treatment involved 3 x 10(6) units of interferon alpha three times weekly for a mean of 22 months.
  • Ocular and systemic disease activity were monitored and compared to pre-treatment periods.

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Main Results:

  • All patients experienced at least a 50% reduction in ocular relapses (0.41 to 0.16 relapses/month).
  • The duration of relapses decreased, and steroid dependence was reduced in all participants.
  • No significant side-effects were noted; however, stopping therapy led to disease recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Interferon alpha appears to be a beneficial alternative treatment for ocular Behçet's disease.
  • It effectively manages sight-threatening ocular manifestations and reduces the need for steroids.
  • Continued therapy is crucial, as withdrawal can precipitate disease flares.