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Comparison of technetium-99m-MDP, technetium-99m-WBC and technetium-99m-HIG in musculoskeletal inflammation

F Palermo1, F Boccaletto, A Paolin

  • 1Orthopedic Division of Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy.

Abstract

Insights

Early radioleukocyte scintigraphy and late human immunoglobulin (Hig) scintigraphy effectively distinguish musculoskeletal infections from inflammation. Hig also better maps inflammation spread, offering a safe and accurate alternative to radioleukocytes.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Orthopedic imaging
  • Infectious disease diagnostics

Background:

  • Distinguishing musculoskeletal infection from noninfectious inflammation is clinically challenging.
  • Radionuclide techniques offer potential for improved diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of three radionuclide techniques in differentiating musculoskeletal infection from noninfectious inflammation.
  • To evaluate early and late imaging protocols for enhanced diagnostic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-five orthopedic patients with suspected infection underwent triphasic bone scintigraphy, 99mTc radioleukocytes (99mTc-WBC), and 99mTc human immunoglobulin (99mTc-Hig) scintigraphy.
  • Early (4-6 hr) and late (20-24 hr) acquisitions were performed for WBC and Hig scans.
  • An inflammation index (Infl) was calculated as the ratio of counts in the uptake area to normal tissue.

Main Results:

  • Early 99mTc-WBC and late 99mTc-Hig scintigraphy demonstrated the highest ability to distinguish infection from inflammation (p < 0.011 and p < 0.016, respectively).
  • Sensitivity for early 99mTc-WBC was 96.6% (specificity 71%), and for late 99mTc-Hig was 96.5% (specificity 100%).
  • Both techniques differentiated infections from noninflammatory diseases at both early and late examinations.

Conclusions:

  • Early radioleukocyte scintigraphy effectively separates infection from noninfectious inflammation.
  • Late Hig scintigraphy achieves similar diagnostic separation and superior mapping of soft tissue inflammation.
  • 99mTc-Hig is a potentially valuable alternative to radioleukocytes due to its simple preparation, comparable accuracy, and safety.

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