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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in elderly east Africans

J G Sayi1, N B Patel, D R Premkumar

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery (BRD5), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4938, USA.

East African Medical Journal
|April 8, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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The apolipoprotein E (APOE)-epsilon 4 allele, a known Alzheimer's disease risk factor in Western countries, shows high frequencies in East African elders. Its association with dementia risk appears different in these populations.

Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Population Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE)-epsilon 4 allele is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Western populations.
  • APOE allele frequencies and their correlation with dementia in developing countries remain largely unexamined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate APOE allele frequencies in non-demented and demented elderly East African populations.
  • To determine if APOE-epsilon 4 allele frequency differs between demented and non-demented individuals in East Africa.

Main Methods:

  • Blood DNA was collected from hospital-based populations in Tanzania and Kenya.
  • APOE genotypes were assessed in elderly subjects (over 65 years) from both demented and non-demented groups.

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Main Results:

  • In Tanzanian elders, APOE allele frequencies were 14% epsilon 2, 61% epsilon 3, and 25% epsilon 4 in non-demented individuals, with 25% epsilon 4 in the demented group.
  • Kenyan subjects also showed high APOE-epsilon 4 frequencies, with no significant difference between demented and non-demented individuals.
  • Elderly East Africans without clinical AD exhibited higher APOE-epsilon 4 frequencies than Western populations.

Conclusions:

  • APOE-epsilon 4 allele frequencies are high in East African populations, including those without apparent Alzheimer's disease.
  • The APOE-epsilon 4 allele may not be a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's-type dementia in some African populations, suggesting population-specific genetic influences.