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Related Experiment Videos

Inclusion or pull-out: which do students prefer?

J K Klingner1, S Vaughn, J S Schumm

  • 1University of Miami, School of Education, Coral Gables, FL 33124-2040, USA.

Journal of Learning Disabilities
|April 8, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Students with learning disabilities often prefer pull-out services, but many feel inclusion models also meet their academic and social needs. This suggests a need for individualized placement based on student requirements.

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Area of Science:

  • Special education
  • Child psychology
  • Educational service delivery models

Background:

  • Understanding student preferences for different educational service delivery models is crucial for effective learning.
  • Both inclusion and pull-out programs aim to support students with and without learning disabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate students' perceptions and preferences regarding inclusion versus pull-out service delivery models.
  • To identify which model students believe is more beneficial for academic and social development.

Main Methods:

  • Individual interviews were conducted with 32 students (with and without learning disabilities) who had experienced both service models.
  • Students were asked about their views on the academic and social benefits of inclusion and pull-out programs.

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Main Results:

  • Student perceptions and preferences varied significantly.
  • A majority of students favored the pull-out model, but many also recognized the academic and social benefits of inclusion.
  • Students' reasoning for their preferences was also explored.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the continued availability of a continuum of service delivery options in special education.
  • Individualized placement decisions, based on each student's unique needs, are recommended.