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Neuropsychological performance in body dysmorphic disorder

K R Hanes1

  • 1Australian Centre for Cognitive/Behavioural Treatment and Assessment, Victoria, Australia. jaccta@rocketmail.com

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|April 8, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) show executive function deficits, similar to those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These findings highlight potential cognitive links between BDD and OCD, warranting further investigation into executive functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance.
  • Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of BDD is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Executive functions, encompassing planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, are complex cognitive processes often implicated in psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuropsychological functioning of patients diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
  • To compare the executive, mnestic, and motor functions of BDD patients with those of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and healthy controls.
  • To explore the potential relationship between BDD and OCD based on neuropsychological performance.

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Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 14 patients with BDD underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests.
  • Performance was comparatively analyzed against 10 patients with OCD, 14 patients with schizophrenia, and 24 normal controls.
  • Tests assessed executive functions, mnestic (memory) functions, and motor functions.

Main Results:

  • Patients with BDD demonstrated normal performance in mnestic and motor functions.
  • A significant deficit was observed in the executive function performance of the BDD group (p < .05).
  • Neuropsychological performance in BDD and OCD groups was notably similar, while schizophrenia patients exhibited broader deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder is associated with specific impairments in executive functions.
  • The similar neuropsychological profile between BDD and OCD suggests a potential shared pathophysiology or cognitive overlap.
  • Further research into executive function deficits may elucidate the relationship between BDD and OCD.