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Granulomatous meningitis caused by Coccidioides immitis in a dog

M Burtch1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Cruz Veterinary Hospital, CA 95065, USA.

Insights

A Border Collie diagnosed postmortem with fungal meningitis caused by Coccidioides immitis highlights the need to consider fungal infections in canine central nervous system disease.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Mycology
  • Canine Pathology

Background:

  • Granulomatous meningitis can present with diverse clinical signs, including central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction.
  • Fungal infections are an under-recognized cause of inflammatory CNS disease in animals.

Observation:

  • A 4-year-old Border Collie presented with CNS disease, megaesophagus, and otitis externa.
  • Histopathology revealed cerebellar and medullary infiltrates affecting cranial nerves VIII, IX, and X.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis suggested suppurative meningitis, but bacterial cultures were negative.

Findings:

  • Postmortem examination definitively diagnosed granulomatous meningitis caused by Coccidioides immitis.
  • Coccidioides endospores were identified in brain tissue upon reexamination.
  • Diagnosis was not achieved antemortem despite extensive diagnostics.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering fungal etiologies, such as Coccidioides immitis, in canine granulomatous or inflammatory CNS disease.
  • The variable clinical presentation and infection rate of Coccidioides immitis necessitate a high index of suspicion.
  • Improved antemortem diagnostic strategies for fungal CNS infections in dogs are warranted.

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