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Local circuits in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey

¹Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Annual Review of Neuroscience

|April 8, 1998

Summary

The excitatory local circuitry in the macaque monkey

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual Cortex Anatomy

Background:

The laminar organization of excitatory local circuits in the primate visual cortex is key to understanding visual processing.
Previous studies in cats established a basic framework for visual cortex circuitry.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the excitatory local circuitry in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey.
To present this circuitry within a two-level model of feedforward and feedback connections.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of feline and primate visual cortex circuitry.
Examination of the distribution of inputs from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to cortical layers.
Characterization of local feedback connections from deep cortical layers.

Main Results:

The basic laminar organization in macaque monkeys is similar to that in cats.
Feedforward pathways distribute specific combinations of LGN inputs (magno-, parvo-, koniocellular) to layers 2-4B.
Local feedback connections from layers 5 and 6 originate from diverse pyramidal neurons, with layer 6 connections relating to specific layer 4 subdivisions.

Conclusions:

The visual cortex exhibits a complex organization beyond basic laminar structure.
Input distribution within the feedforward pathway is tailored to target extrastriate areas.
Feedback circuitry from deep layers provides layer-specific modulation based on functional streams.

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