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Nairobi sheep disease

F G Davies

    Parassitologia
    |June 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Nairobi sheep disease is a highly fatal viral illness affecting sheep and goats, transmitted by ticks. High mortality rates and abortions are characteristic, with the disease prevalent in East Africa but absent where its main tick vector has a seasonal cycle.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
    • Arthropod-borne Diseases

    Background:

    • Nairobi sheep disease (NSD) is a highly pathogenic viral disease affecting sheep and goats.
    • It is transmitted by Ixodid ticks, exhibiting trans-stadial and transovarial transmission.
    • NSD causes acute gastroenteritis, high mortality rates (over 90% in susceptible populations), and abortion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the epidemiology and geographic distribution of Nairobi sheep disease.
    • To identify factors influencing the presence or absence of NSD in different regions of Africa.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature and epidemiological data on Nairobi sheep disease.
    • Correlation of disease occurrence with the presence and breeding cycle of the primary tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.

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    Main Results:

    • Nairobi sheep disease is endemic in East Africa, Somalia, and Rwanda, with potential presence in southeastern Ethiopia.
    • The disease is absent in regions where Rhipicephalus appendiculatus has a seasonal breeding cycle, such as Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana.
    • Tick-borne transmission is a critical factor in the disease's geographic spread.

    Conclusions:

    • The geographic distribution of Nairobi sheep disease is strongly linked to the ecology of its tick vector.
    • Understanding tick vector biology is crucial for predicting and controlling NSD outbreaks.
    • Control strategies should focus on tick management in enzootic and at-risk areas.