Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Constraints on general slowing: a meta-analysis using hierarchical linear models with random coefficients

M J Sliwinski1, C B Hall

  • 1Department of Neurology and Rose F. Kennedy Center for Mental Retardation and Human Development, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. sliwinsk@aecom.yu.edu

Psychology and Aging
|April 9, 1998
PubMed
Summary

General slowing (GS) theories are better tested using hierarchical linear models (HLM) than ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. HLM reveals task-specific slowing variations in older adults, unlike OLS.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamic associations between glucose and ecological momentary cognition in Type 1 Diabetes.

NPJ digital medicine·2024
Same author

The Chemical Treatment of Diseases.

The Chicago medical journal·2023
Same author

Centrally Acting ACE Inhibitor Use and Physical Performance in Older Adults.

The Journal of frailty & aging·2023
Same author

World Trade Center exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, and subjective cognitive concerns in a cohort of rescue/recovery workers.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2019
Same author

Relationship between body composition and the components of somatotype.

American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council·2017
Same author

Cognitive activities delay onset of memory decline in persons who develop dementia.

Neurology·2009

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • General slowing (GS) theories propose cognitive performance declines with age.
  • Meta-analyses traditionally use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to test GS.
  • OLS regression is unsuitable for nested response time (RT) data common in multitask studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the suitability of hierarchical linear models (HLM) versus OLS regression for meta-analyses of cognitive aging data.
  • To investigate task-specific variations in age-related slowing using a more appropriate statistical method.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 21 studies involving iterative cognitive tasks.
  • Comparison of results from OLS regression and HLM analyses.
  • HLM was employed to account for the nested structure of response time (RT) data.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • OLS analysis supported general slowing (GS) across tasks.
  • HLM analysis revealed significant variance in age-related slowing across different experimental tasks.
  • HLM identified process-specific effects, with memory scanning showing less slowing than visual-search and mental-rotation tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Hierarchical linear models (HLM) are more appropriate than OLS for meta-analyses of response time (RT) data in cognitive aging research.
  • HLM provides a more nuanced understanding of age-related cognitive changes, highlighting task-specific differences.
  • The findings challenge a universal "general slowing" effect and suggest process-specific age-related declines.