[The molecular basis of neurodegenerative processes in the central nervous system]

Investigations carried out in recent years indicate that there are three main mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative processes affecting the central nervous system, particularly in advanced age.

Of these three mechanisms, the first is based on the existence of errors associated with the pathways responsible for cell energy metabolism. Secondly, there is the formation of free radicals for different reasons. Finally, there is the hyperexcitability of amino-acid neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate acid. However, these three mechanisms which induce degeneration and neurone death seem to share a common factor: The increase in free calcium levels in the cytosol.

Control of the maintenance of suitable levels of free Ca2+ in the cytosol, by means of drugs, may be of great help in preventing the intellectual deterioration which occurs in persons with different neurodegenerative disorders.