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Measurement of muscle hardness: a methodological study
M Ashina1, L Bendtsen, R Jensen
1Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ashina@get2net.dk
Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|April 9, 1998
Summary
A new hardness meter reliably measures muscle hardness when used by the same observer. However, measurement speed significantly impacts results, and muscle hardness varies within the trapezius muscle.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Musculoskeletal Research
Background:
- Muscle hardness is a key indicator in musculoskeletal research.
- Variability in measurement can affect study reliability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess intra- and interobserver variability of a new muscle hardness meter.
- To identify factors influencing muscle hardness measurements.
- To determine if muscle hardness varies within the same muscle.
Main Methods:
- A novel hardness meter was used to measure muscle hardness on the trapezius muscle in 20 volunteers.
- Measurements were taken by two observers, with repeated measures by one observer.
- Muscle hardness was assessed at different locations and with varying pressure speeds.
Main Results:
- Intraobserver variation was 10% and interobserver variation was 12%.
- Muscle hardness significantly differed between observers (p=0.007) and among anatomical locations (p=0.03).
- Measurement speed significantly affected hardness recordings (p=0.01 and p=0.0001).
Conclusions:
- The hardness meter offers reliable muscle hardness measurements when used consistently by a single observer.
- Measurement speed is a critical factor influencing results.
- Muscle hardness is not uniform within the trapezius muscle, suggesting potential for myofascial pain research.