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A new human selenium-containing protein. Purification, characterization, and cDNA sequence

V N Gladyshev1, K T Jeang, J C Wootton

  • 1Section on the Molecular Biology of Selenium, Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.VNG@unlinfo2.unl.edu

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Researchers discovered a new 15-kDa selenoprotein in human T-cells, essential for biological processes. This protein, containing selenocysteine encoded by a TGA stop codon, highlights selenium

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for numerous biological processes and human health, primarily incorporated into proteins as the amino acid selenocysteine.
  • A specific 75Se-labeled 15-kDa protein was identified in human T-cells, indicating a potential novel selenoprotein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the novel 15-kDa selenoprotein found in human T-cells.
  • To elucidate the genetic basis and biological significance of this newly discovered selenoprotein.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of the 15-kDa protein from human T-cells.
  • Tryptic digestion and peptide sequence analysis to determine amino acid sequences.
  • Comparison of peptide sequences with human gene databases and analysis of gene expression.

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Main Results:

  • Peptide sequences matched a human placental gene with a TGA codon, suggesting selenocysteine encoding.
  • The gene's 3'-untranslated region contained a selenocysteine-inserting sequence element.
  • The gene is located on human chromosome 1, shows no homology to known genes, and is expressed in various tissues.

Conclusions:

  • A novel human selenoprotein of 15 kDa has been identified, containing selenocysteine encoded by a TGA codon.
  • This discovery underscores the critical role of selenium in mammalian systems and expands our understanding of selenoprotein diversity.
  • Homologous genes exist in mammals, but not in invertebrates like Caenorhabditis elegans and Brugia malayi, indicating evolutionary divergence.