Modulation of p53 protein conformation and DNA-binding activity by intracellular chelation of zinc

The transcription factor p53 controls the proliferation and survival of cells exposed to DNA damage. The specific DNA-binding domain of p53 (residues 102-292) has a complex tertiary structure that is stabilized by zinc. In this study, we showed that exposure of cultured cells to the membrane-permeable chelator N,N,N', N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine induced wild-type p53 to accumulate in an immunologically "mutant" form (PAb240+, PAb1620-) with decreased DNA-binding activity. Removal of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine from culture medium allowed p53 to refold into the immunologically wild-type form, followed by a transient increase in DNA binding, expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1, and cell-cycle delay in the G1 phase. Thus, modulation of intracellular zinc induced conformational changes in p53 that activated wild-type function, suggesting that metalloregulation may play a role in controlling p53.