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Cutaneous and systemic necrotizing vasculitis in swine

S Thibault1, R Drolet, M C Germain

  • 1Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada.

Veterinary Pathology
|April 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Porcine dermatitis/nephropathy syndrome, a systemic vasculitis in pigs, is linked to Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. This study investigated the condition

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Swine Disease Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • A novel systemic vasculitis, dermatitis/nephropathy syndrome, affects swine, primarily impacting skin and kidneys.
  • The condition presents with characteristic cutaneous lesions and systemic involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphologic, immunohistochemical, microbiologic, and epidemiologic characteristics of dermatitis/nephropathy syndrome in pigs.
  • To determine the potential role of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy and histopathological examination of twelve affected pigs.
  • Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to detect viral antigens and immune complexes.
  • Microbiologic analysis including PRRSV isolation and RT-PCR.

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Main Results:

  • Lesions included necrotizing and leucocytoclastic vasculitis in skin, kidneys, and other tissues.
  • PRRSV antigens were detected in macrophages around vessels in affected tissues.
  • PRRSV RNA was confirmed in multiple organs, and the virus was isolated from most pigs.

Conclusions:

  • PRRSV infection is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of swine dermatitis/nephropathy syndrome.
  • The findings suggest a viral etiology for this systemic vasculitis in pigs.