Determination of aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides in water using different solid-phase extraction procedures...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Water Quality Analysis

Background:

• Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (ArPP) herbicides can contaminate various water sources.
• Accurate detection of ArPP herbicides is crucial for public health and environmental safety.
• Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or robustness for trace-level detection in complex water matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a sensitive and robust method for the isolation and trace enrichment of ArPP herbicides.
• To assess the method's effectiveness in drinking, spring, and ground water.
• To compare the performance of Carbograph-1 cartridges with other solid-phase extraction materials.

Main Methods:

• Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Carbograph-1 cartridges for sample enrichment.
• Elution with a dichloromethane-methanol mixture containing formic acid.
• Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD).
• Optimization of SPE parameters including pH and flow-rate.

Main Results:

• High recovery rates for six ArPP herbicides, ranging from 90% to 98%.
• Low limits of detection (LODs) achieved: 7-20 ng/l in drinking water and 16-36 ng/l in spring water.
• Carbograph-1 cartridges demonstrated effective recovery and selectivity compared to LiChrolut-EN and Empore disks.

Conclusions:

• The developed SPE method using Carbograph-1 is highly effective for sensitive and robust isolation of ArPP herbicides from water.
• This method provides reliable trace enrichment for accurate quantification of ArPP herbicides in environmental samples.
• The optimized method offers a valuable tool for water quality monitoring and risk assessment.