[Spindle cell tumors and tumor-like changes of the prostate and surrounding tissue]

Spindle cell lesions of the prostate and surrounding tissues include mesenchymal and epithelial tumors and tumorlike lesions, such as postoperative spindle cell nodules (PSN) and pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumors (PFMT). PSN and PFMT are possibly related fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferations respectively. However, they may be misinterpreted as sarcomas. PSN typically are detected incidentally several weeks or months after urological procedures such as cystoscopy. PFMT only rarely reveals a urological history, however, reaching back for several years; here, more often there is a clinical presentation with dysuria and/or hematuria. Important for the differential diagnosis of PSN and PFMT or sarcomas is not only a histological examination, including immunohistochemistry, but also a close clinicopathological correlation. Nevertheless, in some cases it may be impossible to reach a final diagnosis.