c-fos expression in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus induced by LiCl: descending projections to the dorsal vagal motor nucleus

Anorexia inducing lithium chloride is believed to involve descending projections from hypothalamus to preganglionic autonomic output neurons. A multiple-labelling technique has presently been used to analyze the anatomical projections of lithium chloride sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. Immunolabelling of c-fos was performed to stain neurons activated after LiCl administration, while neurons projecting toward vagal parasympathetic preganglionic levels were identified by injection of diamidino yellow in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Perikarya of descending neurons were mainly observed in the ventral and lateral areas of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. In contrast, lithium chloride activated neurons were observed mainly in the magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Double-labelled neurons were not observed. These data provide evidence that lithium chloride sensitive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus are clearly different from those descending toward preganglionic vagal outflow neurons.